common-bond doctrine. The rule that prospective members of a credit union must share some connection (such as common employment) other than a desire to create a credit union. [Cases: Building and Loan Associations 6. C.J.S. Building and Loan Associations, Savings and Loan Associations, and Credit Unions §§ 31–32, 45.]
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multidisciplinary practice. A fee-sharing association of lawyers and nonlawyers in a firm that delivers both legal and nonlegal services. • Rule 5.4 of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct effectively bars multidisciplinary practice. Under this rule, a lawyer cannot (1) share legal fees with nonlawyers, (2) form a partnership involving the practice of law with
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former punishment. Military law. The rule that nonjudicial punishment for a minor offense may bar trial by court-martial for the same offense.
parole (p[schwa]-rohl), n. The release of a prisoner from imprisonment before the full sentence has been served. • Although not available under some sentences, parole is usu. granted for good behavior on the condition that the parolee regularly report to a supervising officer for a specified period. Cf. PARDON; PROBATION(1). [Cases: Pardon and Parole 41.
reporter. 1. A person responsible for making and publishing a report; esp., a lawyer-consultant who prepares drafts of official or semi-official writings such as court rules or Restatements (the reporter to the Advisory Committee on Bankruptcy Rules explained the various amendments). [Cases: Reports 3. C.J.S. Reports §§ 10–13.] 2. REPORTER OF DECISIONS. 3. REPORT (3)
practice book. A volume devoted to the procedures in a particular court or category of courts, usu. including court rules, court forms, and practice directions.
A seller’s tender that meets the contractual terms entered into with the buyer concerning the quality and specifications of the goods sold. See PERFECT-TENDER RULE. [Cases: Sales 153, 177. C.J.S. Sales §§ 161–162, 164, 182, 189, 194, 197–198.]
Monroe Doctrine. The principle that the United States will allow no intervention or domination by any non-American nation in the Western Hemisphere. • This principle, which has some recognition in international law (though not as a formal doctrine), was first announced by President James Monroe in 1823. “The Monroe doctrine is a policy which the
doctrine of the last preceding antecedent. RULE OF THE LAST ANTECEDENT.
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An assumption that something is true even though it may be untrue, made esp. in judicial reasoning to alter how a legal rule operates; specif., a device by which a legal rule or institution is diverted from its original purpose to accomplish indirectly some other object. • The constructive trust is an example of a