doctrine of equivalents. Patents. A judicially created theory for finding patent infringement when the accused process or product falls outside the literal scope of the patent claims. • The doctrine evolved to prevent parties from evading liability for patent infringement by making trivial changes to avoid the literal language of the patent claims. Graver Tank […]
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words of purchase. Language in a deed or will designating the persons who are to receive the grant. • For example, the phrasing “to A for life with a remainder to her heirs” creates a life estate in A and a remainder in A’s heirs. See PURCHASE(2). [Cases: Deeds 105, 120–136; Wills 597(4). C.J.S. Deeds
The doctrine that, if an administrative remedy is provided by statute, a claimant must seek relief first from the administrative body before judicial relief is available. • The doctrine’s purpose is to maintain comity between the courts and administrative agencies and to ensure that courts will not be burdened by cases in which judicial relief
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neonatal (nee-oh-nayt-[schwa]l), adj. Of or relating to the first four weeks of life. Cf. PERINATAL. — neonate (nee-oh-nayt ornee-[schwa]-nayt), n.
John-a-Nokes. Archaic. A fictitious name for an unknown party to a legal proceeding, esp. the first party. • The name is short for “John who dwells at the oak.” — Abbr. J.N. — Also spelled John-a-Noakes.
Model State Trademark Bill. A proposed statute intended to standardize trademark laws among the states. • The bill was first promulgated by the International Trademark Association (then called the United States Trademark Association) in 1949. — Abbr. MSTB.
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heredad (e-re-dahd), n. Spanish law. 1. An inheritance or heirship. 2. A piece of land under cultivation; a cultivated farm. heredad yacente (e-re-dad yah-sen-te). An inheritance not yet accepted. See hereditas jacens under HEREDITAS.
Clerks of the Chancery 〈英〉文秘署高级文书 在1375年有12名列在第一表格〔the First Form〕的文书首先成为主事官〔master〕，他们的级别仅次于文秘署长官〔chancellor〕，他们出席上议院参与其文书工作一直延续到1852年。在这些文书之下的是列为第二表格〔the Second Form〕的低一级的文书。这些文书包括小袋文件局书记官、公诉书记官、令状保管书记官等。还有24名是级别更低的诉讼卷宗保管员。
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jus antiquum (j[schwa]s an-tI-kw[schwa]m). [Latin] Roman law. The old law. — Also termed jus vetus. Cf. JUS NOVUM. “In the later Empire (which dates from the fourth century) there were two groups of sources of law: first, the ‘jus vetus’, or ‘jus’ simply, i.e. the old traditional law, the development of which was completed in
durational-residency requirement. The requirement that one be a state resident for a certain time, such as one year, as a precondition to the exercise of a specified right or privilege. • When applied to voting, this requirement has been held to be an unconstitutional denial of equal protection because it burdens voting rights and impairs
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