wampum (wom-p[schwa]m), n. Hist. Indian money consisting of shells, beads, or animal pelts. • In 1637, it became the first medium of exchange for the New England colonies by order of the General Court of Massa-chusetts, because England had not provided the colonies with a standard of exchange. The Court ordered that “wampampege should passe […]
supervisory authority. Military law. An officer who, exercising general court-martial jurisdiction, reviews summary and special court-martial trial records after the convening authority has reviewed them. [Cases: Military Justice 1380. C.J.S. Military Justice §§ 434, 438.]
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A certified military lawyer with the staff of a convening or supervisory authority that exercises general court-martial jurisdiction.
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pretrial investigation. Military law. An investigation to decide whether a case should be recommended for forwarding to a general court-martial. [Cases: Armed Services 47(3); Military Justice 921. C.J.S. Armed Services § 165; Military Justice §§ 166–169.]
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Military law. A nonjudicial punishment that can be given to officers and warrant officers only by a general, a flag officer in command, or an officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction. See BREACH OF ARREST. [Cases: Military Justice 525. C.J.S. Military Justice §§ 24–27.]
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A commissioned officer of the armed forces who is on active duty and is a member of a bar of a federal court or of the highest court of a state. • The Judge Advocate General of the particular service must certify a military judge as qualified for duty. A military judge of a general
The most severe punitive discharge that a court-martial can give to a member of the military. • A dishonorable discharge may result from conviction for an offense recognized in civilian law as a felony or of a military offense requiring severe punishment. Only a general court-martial can give a dishonorable discharge.
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lawyer, n. One who is licensed to practice law. Cf. ATTORNEY. [Cases: Attorney and Client 9. C.J.S. Attorney and Client §§ 24–25.] — lawyerly, lawyerlike, adj. — lawyerdom, n. certified military lawyer. A person qualified to act as counsel in a general court-martial. • To be qualified, the person must be (1) a judge advocate
restriction. 1. A limitation or qualification. 2. A limitation (esp. in a deed) placed on the use or enjoyment of property. See restrictive covenant under COVENANT(4). [Cases: Covenants 49–52, 69.] 3. Military law. A deprivation of liberty involving moral and legal, rather than physical, restraint. • A military restriction is imposed as punishment either by
Mosaic Code 〈美〉《摩西法典》 新英格兰地区最早的立法汇编，由约翰·科顿〔John Cotton〕1636年应马萨诸塞州议会〔Massachusetts General Court〕之约而编纂。约翰·温思罗普〔John Winthrop〕称之为「士师摩西」〔Moses His Judicials〕，因它建立的政府框架与《摩西五经》〔Pentateuch〕相一致。事实上马萨诸塞州从未采用此法典，但它其中的一些条款为1639年《纽黑文殖民地基本规章》〔Fundamental Orders of New Haven Colony〕所吸收，而后者的规定较马萨诸塞州的组织形式更为严格神权化。