league. 1. A covenant made by nations, groups, or individuals for promoting common interests or ensuring mutual protection. 2. An alliance or association of nations, groups, or individuals formed by such a covenant. 3. A unit of distance, usu. measuring about three miles (chiefly, nautical). [Cases: Weights and Measures 3. C.J.S. Weights and Measures § […]
adaptation right. Copyright. A copyright holder’s exclusive right to prepare derivative works based on the pro-tected work. • For example, before a movie studio can make a film version of a book, it must secure the author’s adaptation right. See DERIVATIVE WORK. [Cases: Copyrights and Intellectual Property 12(3).]
Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children. An agreement whose purpose is to ensure that when states are involved in the placement or adoption of children across state lines, the states cooperate with each other to facilitate the process and to protect the children. • This compact is intended to secure states’ cooperation in investigating
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Berne Additional Protocol. Copyright. A 1914 amendment to the Berne Convention providing for reprisals against a foreign national who publishes simultaneously in both a member nation and the author’s own nonmember and nonreciprocating country. • The reprisal was aimed at the United States, which until 1989 refused to join the Berne Convention but whose citizens
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proper means. Trade secrets. Any method of discovering trade secrets that does not violate property-protection statutes or standards of commercial ethics. • Proper means include independent invention, reverse engineering, observing the product in public, and studying published literature. Restatement (Second) of Torts § 757 cmt. f (1977). “Trade secrets are protected … in a manner
air-quality criteria. Environmental law. The legal limits that the Environmental Protection Agency sets for pol-lutants in a defined area and at a specified time. [Cases: Environmental Law 255.]
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incentive theory. Intellectual property. The proposition that society grants creators exclusive rights to their intellectual property in order to stimulate further creativity. • The Patent and Copyright Clause of the U.S. Constitution declares that the purpose of exclusive-right protection is to “promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts.” U.S. Const. art. I, § 8,
intellectual property. 1. A category of intangible rights protecting commercially valuable products of the human intellect. • The category comprises primarily trademark, copyright, and patent rights, but also includes trade-secret rights, publicity rights, moral rights, and rights against unfair competition. [Cases: Copyrights and Intellectual Property 1. C.J.S. Copyrights and Intellectual Property §§ 2, 4–5.] 2.
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societas navalis (s[schwa]-sI-[schwa]-tas n[schwa]-vay-lis), n. [Latin] Hist. A naval partnership; an assembly of vessels for mutual protection. — Also termed admiralitas.