due posting. 1. The stamping and placing of letters or packages in the U.S. mail. [Cases: Postal Service 15. C.J.S. Postal Service and Offenses Against Postal Laws §§ 18–19.] 2. The proper entry of an item into a ledger. 3. Proper publication; proper placement of an item (such as an announcement) in a particular place, […]
A sailor employed by a private vessel, as distinguished from one employed in public or military service. [Cases: Seamen 2. C.J.S. Seamen §§ 2–3, 155.]
accommodation, n. 1. A loan or other financial favor. 2. The act of signing an accommodation paper as surety for another. See ACCOMMODATION PAPER. 3. The act or an instance of making a change or provision for someone or something; an adaptation or adjustment. See PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION; REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION . 4. A convenience supplied by
welfare state 福利国家 指国家通过各个部门和机构广泛提供福利和社会保障的社会。一般认为，约克郡大主教威廉·坦普尔〔William Temple, Archbishop of York〕在其1941年出版的一本书中，最先在英语中使用了福利国家这一术语。在1955年版的《牛津英语词典》〔Oxford English Dictionary〕中出现了福利国家这一词条。在德语中，早在1932年就有人把福利国家〔Wohlfahrtsstaat〕用作贬义词来指责魏玛共和国〔Weimar Republic〕，这被认为是首次使用该术语。挪威语中的福利国家〔velferdsstaten〕一词也早在1939年用于公共报告〔public reports〕之中，主要用来指即将到来的美好社会图景——人人分享幸福。事实上，福利国家这一术语的前一部分，即「福利」的词源可以追溯到古挪威语velfer。直到20世纪60、70年代，福利国家这一术语才广泛出现在各种语言、政治生活、大众传播媒体和社会科学研究报告中。第二次世界大战的经验孕育了福利国家的思想。1942年威廉·贝弗里奇爵士〔Sir William Beveridge〕提出的「社会服务国家」〔social service state〕的构想和1944年国际劳工组织通过的「费城决议」〔Philadelphia resolutions of the International Labour Organization〕,为战后大规模出现的福利国家制度和设想的合理化和实际建立提供了基本依据。
A special district, embracing parts of or entire cities and towns in a metropolitan area, created by a state to provide unified administration of one or more common services, such as water supply or public transportation. [Cases: Municipal Corporations 2. C.J.S. Municipal Corporations §§ 7–9.]
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spread, n. 1. Banking. The difference between the interest rate that a financial institution must pay to attract deposits and the rate at which money can be loaned. 2. Securities. The difference between the highest price a buyer will pay for a security (the bid price) and the lowest price at which a seller will
A publicly owned corporation, or a political subdivision, that provides the public with a service or services, such as water, electricity, gas, transportation, or telecommunications. — Abbr. MUD. — Also termed public utility district (PUD). [Cases: Telecommunications 16. C.J.S. Telegraphs, Telephones, Radio, and Television § 3.]
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Mobile–Sierra doctrine. The principle that the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission may not grant a rate increase to a natural-gas producer unless the producer’s contract authorizes a rate increase, or unless the existing rate is so low that it may adversely affect the public interest (as by threatening the continued viability of the public utility to
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posting. 1. Accounting. The act of transferring an original entry to a ledger. 2. The act of mailing a letter. 3. A method of substituted service of process by displaying the process in a prominent place (such as the courthouse door) when other forms of service have failed. See SERVICE(1). [Cases: Process 81. C.J.S. Process
DHS.abbr. 1. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY. 2. Department of Human Services. See DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WELFARE.