COMPURGATION

compurgation

compurgation n. 宣誓断案;宣誓断案法;共誓涤罪 中世纪的一种审判方式。指在刑事或民事诉讼中,被告可以通过宣誓证明自己无辜或起诉无依据,并由11或12名宣誓助讼人〔compurgator,通常为其邻居或亲戚〕给予证明,证人所证明的不是案情事实而是被告的人品并表明相信其宣誓。被告如找不到规定人数的证人或证人宣誓方式不符合要求,则被告将败诉。此种制度起源于入侵罗马帝国的条顿部族,后在中世纪西欧各国包括教会法庭、庄园法庭得到适用,甚至有人认为它是英国陪审制的起源。1833年英国民事诉讼法颁布后,宣誓断案最终被废除。 (=wager of law)

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compurgation

compurgation (kom-p[schwa]r-gay-sh[schwa]n), n. [Latin con- “together” + purgare “to clear or purge”] Hist. A trial by which a defendant could have supporters (called compurgators), frequently 11 in number, testify that they believed the defendant was telling the truth. — Also termed wager of law; trial by oath. — compur-gatory, adj. “If a defendant on oath

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