FAULT

fault

fault n. 过错 一种心理状态,通常作为侵权或不法行为责任的构成条件,与罗马法中的「过错」〔culpa〕相对应。过错本质上是一个道德概念,表示被告是有责任的,因为其本来应该和能够避免或阻止该致损行为发生。但是,随着法律的发展,在某些法律规则——如替代责任〔vicarious liability〕或法定责任〔statutory liability〕——中,过错就仅仅具有法律技术上的意义。就法律层面而言,过错相当于过失〔negligence〕,属于某种判断或行为上的错误或瑕疵,是对法律规定的或合同约定的义务的违反。在美国《统一商法典》第1-201条中,「过错」专指不当行为、懈怠或违约。(→negligence;pari delicto;tort)

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fault

fault. 1. An error or defect of judgment or of conduct; any deviation from prudence or duty resulting from inattention, incapacity, perversity, bad faith, or mismanagement. See NEGLIGENCE. Cf. LIABILITY. 2. Civil law. The intentional or negligent failure to maintain some standard of conduct when that failure results in harm to another person. contractual fault.

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