PROBATION

probation

probation n. (1)鉴定;检验;验证(→probate) (2)试用(期) (3)缓刑 现代各国的缓刑制度分为两种,一种是英美的缓期宣告制,指法院经审判确定被告人的行为构成犯罪后,暂不作有罪宣告,而在一定期限内交有关机关对被告人进行监督考验,视被告人是否遵守所规定的条件决定是否作有罪宣告。这一制度最初为英国法官所倡导,但作为替代监禁的行刑制度,最早采用于美国的波士顿,1878年马萨诸塞州〔Massachusetts〕议会正式将这一做法制定为法律。后又为欧洲各国纷纷倣傚,但又稍有不同。在欧洲大陆实行另外一种缓刑制度——缓期执行制,即法院经审判确定行为构成犯罪后,作有罪宣告,且宣告刑罚,但有条件地不执行刑罚。

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probation

probation. 1. A court-imposed criminal sentence that, subject to stated conditions, releases a convicted person into the community instead of sending the criminal to jail or prison. Cf. PAROLE. [Cases: Sentencing and Punishment 1811.] — probationary, adj. bench probation. Probation in which the offender agrees to certain conditions or restrictions and reports only to the

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