totality of the circumstances test

glossary / TOTALITY-OF-THE-CIRCUMSTANCES TEST
totality-of-the-circumstances test. Criminal procedure. A standard for determining whether hearsay (such as an informant’s tip) is sufficiently reliable to establish probable cause for an arrest or search warrant. • Under this test — which replaced Aguilar–Spinelli’s two-pronged approach — the reliability of the hearsay is weighed by focusing on the entire situation as described in the probable-cause affidavit, and not on any one specific factor. Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 103 S.Ct. 2317 (1983). Cf. AGUILAR–SPINELLI TEST. [Cases: Arrest 63.4(7); Searches and Seizures 115.

1. C.J.S. Arrest § 28.]

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totality-of-the-circumstances test 〈美〉总体情况标准 刑事诉讼中据以确定传闻〔hearsay〕证据的可靠性是否足以使逮捕证或搜查证的签发存在可成立理由〔probable cause〕的标准。依据该标准，传闻证据的可靠性要根据可成立理由宣誓书中陈述的全部情况来判断，而不是仅仅考虑其中某一特定因素。该标准取代了阿吉拉尔-斯皮内利标准〔Aguilar-Spinelli test〕。

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