glossary

High Court of Admiralty

High Court of Admiralty 〈英〉高等海事法院 旧时审理海事案件的专门法院,原先隶属于舰队司令,故亦称舰队司令的法院〔court of the deputy of the Admiral〕,创立于1340年左右。最初北、南、西三个地区的舰队司令各自设立了高等海事法院,15世纪初,随着海军事务大臣〔Lord High Admiral〕一职(全英的舰队均归其统率,成为全英国的舰队司令)的出现,这些法院亦合并成为一个高等海事法院。设立该法院最初是为了防止或惩罚海盗及处理海上捕获等事件,后来其民事管辖范围扩展至一切航运与商事案件,并一度与普通法法院发生管辖权冲突。16世纪后海上刑事案件也归属该法院管辖,但1834年后其刑事管辖权移归中央刑事法院〔Central Criminal Court〕。在1873-1875年司法体系改革后,该法院被并入高等法院遗嘱检验、离婚与海事分庭〔Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division〕。1970年该法庭更名为(高等法院)家事庭〔Family Division〕,将海事案件移归(高等法院)王座分庭〔Queen’s Bench Division〕设立的海事法庭〔Admiralty Court〕管辖。

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depositum

depositum (di-poz-i-t[schwa]m), n. Roman law. The gratuitous deposit of goods for the benefit of the depositor. • The depositee was liable only for dolus. See DOLUS. Cf. gratuitous bailment under BAILMENT; DEPOSIT(5).

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cattle trespass

Hist. Trespass by one’s cattle or other animals on another’s land, as a result of which the other might either distrain them damage feasant or sue for trespass in the local courts. • At first (from the early 13th century) this type of trespass applied only to intentional trespass by the keeper of the cattle,

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