in judicio (in joo-dish-ee-oh), adv. & adj.[Latin] Before the judge. • The phrase is still sometimes used. Originally, in Roman law, in judicio referred to the second stage of a Roman formulary trial, held before a private judge known as a judex. — Also termed apud judicem. See FORMULA(1). Cf. IN JURE (2).
market-participant doctrine. The principle that, under the Commerce Clause, a state does not discriminate against interstate commerce by acting as a buyer or seller in the market, by operating a proprietary enterprise, or by subsidizing private business. • Under the Dormant Commerce Clause principle, the Commerce Clause — art. I, § 8, cl. 3 of
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note n. (1)本票(→promissory note) (2)钞票(→bank note) (3)批注；注解；注释；摘要 (4)(商业)文件 (5)备忘录(→minute; memorandum) (6)评论 一种在篇幅上小于文章〔article〕、在范围上限于述评某些案例或法律部门的法学文体，通常由法学院学生撰写，发表在法律评论上。 v. (7)简要记录；批注 (8)〈英〉签注(汇票)(→note a bill)
COB clause. Insurance. A coordination-of-benefits clause, which provides that the total sums paid for medical and hospital care will not exceed the benefits receivable from all combined sources of insurance. [Cases: Insur-ance 2525(1). C.J.S. Insurance § 930.]
minutes. 1. Memoranda or notes of a transaction or proceeding. 2. Parliamentary law. The formal record of a deliberative assembly’s proceedings, approved (as corrected, if necessary) by the assembly. — Also termed journal; record; report. See DISPENSE WITH THE READING OF THE MINUTES; SPREAD UPON THE MINUTES . “The minutes of an organization include a
gambling device. Any thing, such as cards, dice, or an electronic or mechanical contrivance, that allows a person to play a game of chance in which money may be won or lost. • Gambling devices are regulated by law, and the use or possession of a gambling device can be illegal. — Also termed gaming
publication-quality drawings. Patents. Illustrations or drawings filed with a patent application and capable of being scanned. [Cases: Patents 100. C.J.S. Patents § 143.]
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interest-analysis technique. Conflict of laws. A method of resolving choice-of-law questions by reviewing a state’s laws and the state’s interests in enforcing those laws to determine whether that state’s laws or those of another state should apply. — Also termed governmental-interest-analysis technique. [Cases: Action 17. C.J.S. Actions §§ 18–20; Conflict of Laws §§ 2–3, 12,
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abdication n. (1)放弃(权利、责任或职权) (2)退位 指国王或政府高级官员自愿放弃其职位。退位与辞职〔resignation〕不同，后者是指某人将其由他人所赋予的权力、职位交还他人，例如下级向上级辞职即是交还权力。在英国历史上发生有多起国王退位事件，例如1688年詹姆斯二世〔James Ⅱ〕根据《权利法案》〔Bill of Rights〕而退位。但现在英王退位须依议会法律才能生效，例如爱德华八世〔Edward Ⅷ〕于1936年退位即是依据当年的《陛下退位声明法》〔His Majesty’s Declaration of Abdication Act〕。此外，非自愿辞职亦以该术语表示。