imputed disqualification
imputed disqualification. See vicarious disqualification under DISQUALIFICATION.
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Search Results for: VICARIOUS
delict
delict (di-likt), n. [Latin delictum “an offense”] Roman & civil law. A violation of the law; esp., a wrongful act or omission giving rise to a claim for compensation; TORT. — Also termed (in Roman law) delictum; (in French law) délit. [Cases: Torts 1. C.J.S. Torts §§ 2–7.] “A delict is a civil wrong. It
servant
servant n. 仆人；僱员 指受主人〔master〕僱佣，为其提供服务，且行为受主人控制或服从于主人控制权的人。因其行为受主人控制，故适用僱主责任原则〔doctrine of vicarious liability〕。它不同于独立承包人〔independent contractor〕，后者的行为不受主人控制。该词在制定法中常被赋予特定的含义，其含义在遗嘱及其他文件中受上下文的影响甚大。 (→agent; employee; fellow servant(s); master and servant; subservant)
disqualification
disqualification, n. 1. Something that makes one ineligible; esp., a bias or conflict of interest that prevents a judge or juror from impartially hearing a case, or that prevents a lawyer from representing a party. [Cases: Judges 39; Jury 97. C.J.S. Judges §§ 62, 98, 100–102, 107; Juries §§ 225, 248, 370–373, 378–379, 398–399, 415,
master and servant
master and servant 僱主与僱员 指僱主以支付报酬方式僱佣他人在约定期限内为其服务、工作。僱主有权指定僱员从事何种工作和完成工作的方式。此词语现已为「employer and employee」所取代。这种关系与「本人-代理人」关系相似，区别在于代理人具有一定的自由裁量权，而僱员则完全处于僱主的控制之下；代理人通常是代理被代理人与第三人从事交易，僱员则否。僱员与独立承揽人〔independent contractor〕也不同，后者受雇而承担某一特定项目时，可以自主决定以何种方式完成工作，并不受僱主控制，因此，其在完成工作时给他人造成的损害由其自行承担责任。 (→agency; independent contractor; vicarious liability)
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reduction to practice
reduction to practice. Patents. The embodiment of the concept of an invention, either by physical construction and operation or by filing a patent application with a disclosure adequate to teach a person reasonably skilled in the art how to make and work the invention without undue experimentation. • The date of reduction to practice is
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propaganda
propaganda. Int’l law. 1. The systematic dissemination of doctrine, rumor, or selected information to promote or injure a particular doctrine, view, or cause. 2. The ideas or information so disseminated. • The word propaganda originated as an abbreviated form of Congregatio de propaganda fide, a committee (of cardinals) for propagating the (Christian) faith. defamatory propaganda.
scope of employment
scope of employment 受雇范围 指僱员为僱主的利益，在其所担负的职责范围内从事的，且能为僱主合理地预见并直接或间接控制的行为。只要是与僱员职责有关的，并且是为了僱主利益的行为都可视为在「受雇范围」内。根据僱主负责原则〔doctrine of respondeat superior〕，僱主应为僱员在受雇范围内对第三人的侵权行为承担法律责任。 (→in the course of employment; respondeat superior; vicarious liability)
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mass action theory
mass-action theory. The principle that, as long as a labor union is functioning, it is vicariously liable for the joint acts of its members.
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employee
employee. A person who works in the service of another person (the employer) under an express or implied contract of hire, under which the employer has the right to control the details of work performance. — Also spelled employe. Cf. AGENT(1); INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR. [Cases: Master and Servant 1. C.J.S. Apprentices §§ 2, 11; Employer–Employee Relationship