landcheap
landcheap. Hist. A customary fine paid in money or cattle when any real property within a manor or borough was transferred.
Search Results for: BOROUGH
duel
duel. 1. TRIAL BY COMBAT. 2. A single combat; specif., a prearranged combat with deadly weapons fought between two or more persons under prescribed rules, usu. in the presence of at least two witnesses, to resolve a previous quarrel or avenge a deed. • In England and the United States, death resulting from a duel
communis opinio
communis opinio (k[schwa]-myoo-nis [schwa]-pin-ee-oh). [Latin “common opinion”] Hist. A generally accepted belief about a point of law. • If held unanimously by those learned in the law, this common belief had the force of law in classical Rome. “Communis opinio is evidence of what the law is, — not where it is an opinion merely
sessions of the peace
sessions of the peace 〈英〉治安法官法庭 指英格兰和威尔士的治安法官为行使其司法权而举行的开庭。它包括以下几种：１小法庭〔petty sessions〕，由本郡或小法庭区内两名或两名以上治安法官组成，可行使简易审判权，现在通常称为治安法官法庭〔magistrates’ court〕；２特别庭〔special sessions〕，由两名或两名以上治安法官组成，在特别情况下为行使其某一部分权力而开庭，尤指为授予或更换销售应税酒的许可证而开庭；３一般庭或季审庭〔general or quarter sessions〕，由两名或两名以上治安法官组成，审理公诉罪及受理来自小法庭和特别庭的上诉案件，每季度开庭一次；４自治市季审庭〔borough quarter sessions〕，由一名记录法官〔recorder〕独任审理。其中，季审庭已于1971年被废除，而代之以刑事法院〔Crown Court〕。
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first-class misdemeanant
first-class misdemeanant 〈英〉一级轻罪犯 依英国监狱法〔prisons act〕，在郡〔county〕、市〔city〕、自治市〔borough〕监狱中服刑的犯有轻罪而未被判处苦役〔hard labor〕的犯人，被分为两类，其中一类即「一级轻罪犯」。法院有权决定其为一级轻罪犯，即不被视作刑事犯〔criminal prisoner〕。
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borsholder
borsholder n. 〈撒克逊〉自治市〔borough〕中的首席市政官〔ealder〕、十户长〔tithingman；head-borough〕 撒克逊时代一般由自治市或十户区中品行最为端正的人担任首席市政官或十户长，每年任命一次，其职责是保证辖区内所有成员行为良好。
court of general quarter sessions of the peace
Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace. Hist. 1. English law. A court of criminal jurisdiction held in each county (or borough) once in every quarter of a year. • The court was made up of a county’s justices of the peace. It committed certain cases to the Assizes. Quarter Sessions were abolished in
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Heads of the Proposals
Heads of the Proposals 〈英〉《建议要点》 1647年议会军〔parliamentary army〕中的克伦威尔〔Cromwell〕、艾尔顿〔Ireton〕和其他高级军官起草了一份建议，以作为英国内战结束后与查理一世〔Charles Ⅰ〕妥协的基础。这些建议要求国王必须每两年召开一次议会；规范两年一次的选举，对选举进行一定程度的改革，其中包括废除臭名昭彰的「依附自治市」〔pocket boroughs〕,增设与税收有固定关系郡的代表权；设立一个享有对军队进行为期十年控制权的「国务委员会」〔council of state〕；依「和解清偿债务」计划，保皇党人再入政坛应缓慢进行；保留主教制，但其应有彻底的宗教宽容精神；改革普通法，废除消费税〔excise〕和什一税。虽然这些建议本质温和，但查理一世仍拒绝回应，而宁愿与苏格兰作战〔engagement〕。
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escot
escot (e-skot), n. Hist. English law. A tax paid in boroughs and corporations to support the community.
non intromittent clause
non intromittent clause 〈英〉非干预条款 指允许成立自治市镇〔municipal borough〕的特许状中的一项条款，根据这一条款，该自治市镇不受郡治安法官〔justice of peace〕的管辖。
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