A copyrightable work produced either by an employee within the scope of employment or by an independent contractor under a written agreement; esp., a work specially ordered or commissioned for use as (1) a contribution to a collective work, (2) a translation, (3) a supplementary work, (4) a part of a movie or other audiovisual […]
oeconomicus (ee-k[schwa]-nom-[schwa]-k[schwa]s). [Law Latin fr. Greek] Hist. An executor of a will.
standard of care. Torts. In the law of negligence, the degree of care that a reasonable person should exercise. See CARE(2). [Cases: Negligence 230–233. C.J.S. Negligence §§ 34, 59, 114, 116–121, 125–127, 130–131, 133.]
praescriptis verbis (pri-skrip-tis v[schwa]r-bis). [Latin “in the words before written”] 1. Roman law. An action on a bilateral agreement under which one party had performed and required the other to perform in turn. 2. Roman law. The grounds given for the existence of a contract that falls into the class later described as innominate. •
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sanctity of contract. The principle that the parties to a contract, having duly entered into it, must honor their obligations under it. [Cases: Contracts 1. C.J.S. Contracts §§ 2–3, 9, 12.] “[Sanctity of contract] is merely another facet of freedom of contract, but the two concepts cover, to some extent, different grounds. The sanctity of
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chevisance (chev-[schwa]-zints). [Law French] Hist. 1. A composition; an agreement between a creditor and a debtor. See COMPOSITION. 2. An unlawful or usurious contract; esp., a contract intended to evade the statutes prohibiting usury.
property settlement 财产分割 适用于离婚案件，包括两种情况：１依据双方的协议并经法院批准；２依据法院的判决。财产分割协议包括：１分割配偶双方在婚姻存续期间所拥有或取得的财产；２配偶一方向另一方定期支付或一次性支付的生活费或一次性财产转让。 (→equitable distribution; community property; marital property; separate property; postnuptial agreement)
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Declaration of Paris. An international agreement, signed by Great Britain, France, Turkey, Sardinia, Austria, Prussia, and Russia in 1856 (at the end of the Crimean War), providing that (1) privateering is illegal, (2) with the exception of contraband, a neutral flag covers an enemy’s goods, (3) with the exception of contraband, neutral goods cannot be
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levato velo (l[schwa]-vay-toh vee-loh). [Latin “with the curtain raised”] Roman law. The principle, applied to cases of wreck and salvage, and later to all maritime matters, that cases should be heard in public. • Although commentators disagree about the origin of the expression, it probably refers to the place where causes were heard. A sail