A defamatory statement made in good faith by a person with an interest in a subject to someone who also has an interest in the subject, as an employer giving a negative but accurate job review of a former employee to a potential future employer. • The privilege may be lost upon a showing of […]
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Garner doctrine. The rule that allows shareholder plaintiffs in a corporate derivative action to discover confi-dential communications between a corporate officer and the corporation’s attorney. • The Garner doctrine does not apply to attorney work product, and the movant must show good cause. Garner v. Wolfinbarger, 430 F.2d 1093 (5th Cir. 1970). See DERIVATIVE ACTION(1).
Copyright. A judicially created test for determining whether substantial similarity exists between two works in an action for infringement. • In the first step, the court dissects the copy-righted work’s structure and isolates each level of abstraction or generality (abstraction test). In the second step, the court examines each level of abstraction and separates out
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oblique (oh-bleekor [schwa]-bleek), adj. 1. Not direct in descent; collateral (an oblique heir). 2. Indirect; circumstantial (oblique evidence).
An estate of indefinite or potentially infinite duration (e.g., “to Albert and his heirs”). — Often shortened to fee simple or fee. — Also termed fee simple absolute in possession. [Cases: Estates in Property 5. C.J.S. Estates §§ 11–12.]
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陈述与保证 英语：reps and warranties 法语：garanties, certifications 德语：Zusicherungen 意大利语：garanzie, certificazioni 西班牙语：garantía, certificación
A bias or prejudice that disqualifies a potential juror. [Cases: Jury 99.4. C.J.S. Juries § 399.]
core proceeding 〈美〉核心诉讼 指由破产法院管辖的、其请求对债权人与债务人的关系具有实质性影响的诉讼，如请求追回破产前进行的欺诈转让〔preferential transfer〕的财产的诉讼。它包括根据《破产法典》〔Bankruptcy Code〕提起的所有诉讼，包括但不限于《美国法典注释》第28卷〔28 U.S.C.A. §157(b) (2)〕中专门规定的那些诉讼。在确定某一诉讼是否为核心诉讼时，法院应具体分析当事人提出的各种诉因，并得出它们足以影响债权人与债务人之间关系的调查结果，从而破产法院在经过听审后可以作出终局判决。
Twelfth Amendment. The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1804, that altered the electoral-college system by separating the balloting for presidential and vice-presidential candidates. [Cases: United States 25. C.J.S. United States § 46.]
serious, adj. 1. (Of conduct, opinions, etc.) weighty; important (serious violation of rules). 2. (Of an injury, illness, accident, etc.) dangerous; potentially resulting in death or other severe consequences (serious bodily harm).