Int’l law. The pillar of air above a nation’s territory — including internal waters and the territorial sea — over which it has complete and exclusive sovereignty and through which foreign aircraft have no right of innocent passage. • There is no agreement on the boundary between national airspace and outer space.
equitable assignment 衡平法上的转让 指在普通法中被认为无效，但为衡平法所承认并得以执行的转让。例如对权利动产〔chose in action〕或将来可得利益的转让。待履行的协议〔executory agreement〕或信托宣告〔declaration of trust〕在普通法法院被认为是不能执行的转让，但在衡平法院，则可适用合理的自由裁量权，认定其可被执行。构成衡平法上的转让，须以转让人对被转让的债务或基金享有绝对专有权〔appropriation〕为条件。
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case n. (1)案件；诉讼 包括民事的和刑事的。 (2)审判 (3)案例；判例 (4)(诉讼当事人向法庭提出的)证据和辩论 (5)〈英〉事实陈述 在上议院和枢密院的诉讼程序中，上诉的当事人提交的对其所依据的事实的陈述及上诉理由、附录中列明的证据及下级法院的判决。 (6)「trespass on the case」的缩写(→case agreed on; case on appeal; case reserved; case stated; cause of action)
irreconcilable differences. Persistent and unresolvable disagreements between spouses, leading to the breakdown of the marriage. • These differences may be cited — without specifics — as grounds for no-fault divorce. At least 33 states have provided that irreconcilable differences are a basis for divorce. Cf. IRRETRIEVABLE BREAKDOWN OF THE MARRIAGE; INCOMPATIBILITY. [Cases: Divorce 12, 34.
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Directive on the Legal Protection of Computer Programs. Copyright. A 1991 European Commission initiative requiring members to protect computer software by copyright rather than by patent or some sui generis set of legal rights. • The purpose of the Directive was to harmonize copyright laws among the members of the European Commission. It standardized the
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promissory, adj. Containing or consisting of a promise (the agreement’s promissory terms).
意向性协议 英语：heads of agreement 法语：principes d’un accord, protocole d’accord 德语：schriftliche Absichtserklärung 意大利语：lettera (accordo) di intenti, accordo preliminare 西班牙语：carta de intención
分歧 英语：disagreement 法语：désaccord 德语：Unstimmigkeit, Nichtübereinstimmung 意大利语：disaccordo, dissenso, discordanza 西班牙语：desacuerdo, disconformidad
like, adj. 1. Equal in quantity, quality, or degree; corresponding exactly ( like copies). 2. Similar or substantially similar (like character).
letter of intent. A written statement detailing the preliminary understanding of parties who plan to enter into a contract or some other agreement; a noncommittal writing preliminary to a contract. • A letter of intent is not meant to be binding and does not hinder the parties from bargaining with a third party. Businesspeople typically