An amount contractually stipulated as a reasonable estimation of actual damages to be recovered by one party if the other party breaches. • If the parties to a contract have properly agreed on liquidated damages, the sum fixed is the measure of damages for a breach, whether it exceeds or falls short of the actual […]
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Damages provided by statute (such as a wrongful-death-and-survival statute), as distinguished from damages provided under the common law. [Cases: Death 80.]
Damages allowed for an intermittent or occasional wrong, such as a real-property injury whose cause can be removed or abated. [Cases: Damages 39. C.J.S. Damages § 57.]
Damages (such as mental anguish or pain and suffering) that are not precisely measurable but are determined by the subjective judgment of a jury. — Also termed indeterminate damages.
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damage without wrong 非因不法所致的损害 指一方所受之损害并非由于他方不履行法定义务所致。该用语之实际含义即为「不存在诉因」。
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treble damages 三倍的损害赔偿金 依据制定法的规定，对特定类型的案件处以相当于实际损害三倍的损害赔偿。例如美国《克莱顿法》〔Clayton Act〕第4节规定对违反反托拉斯法的违法行为处以三倍的损害赔偿。至于其性质,有的法院认为多支出的赔偿金是惩罚性的，而有的法院则认为它们只是补偿性的。
damages for delay 迟延损害赔偿金 １在判决中止执行保证书〔supersedeas bond〕中，指因上诉造成迟延而应向对方支付的法定损害赔偿金；２承运人因迟延运输和交付货物而应支付的损害赔偿金；３指因迟延支付国家征用财产的赔偿费而可获得的利息。
vindictive damages 惩罚性损害赔偿 在对原告给予补偿性损害赔偿之外，对被告所科处的惩罚性损害赔偿。(=exemplary damages；punitive damages)
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