Search Results for: original writ

detinue

detinue (det-i-nyoo or -noo). A common-law action to recover personal property wrongfully taken by another. Cf. REPLEVIN; TROVER. [Cases: Detinue 1. C.J.S. Detinue § 1.] “A claim in detinue lies at the suit of a person who has an immediate right to the possession of the goods against a person who is in actual possession […]

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bill in equity

bill in equity 衡平法上的起诉状 在英国1873-1875年《司法组织法》〔Judicature Acts〕之前衡平法院的诉讼程序中,一起普通的诉讼是以向御前大臣〔Lord Chancellor〕递交起诉状〔bill〕开始的,起诉状通常由4部分组成:1标题,说明所呈交的法院以及原告和被告的姓名;2对御前大臣的称呼;3案件事实陈述部分;4请求给予的救济。起诉状要由起草的律师签字。开始一项诉讼的起诉状称初始诉状〔original bill〕,区别于修改的诉状〔amended bill〕。起诉状要送达给被告,就像现在的令状一样。因此,它兼具传票令〔writ of summons〕和诉求陈述〔statement of claim〕的功能。提交起诉状是进行诉讼的第一步。起诉状〔bill〕经常与诉讼〔suit〕被作同义使用,在这个意义上,可将起诉状分为3种:初始诉状〔original〕、初始诉状性质的诉状〔in the nature of original〕和非初始诉状〔not original〕。初始诉状向法庭提供的事实是未经法庭受理过的,并且要请求救济或者具有某种辅助目的。请求救济的起诉状有多种,有专门名称的包括:确定竞合权利诉状〔interpleader bill〕,调卷复审诉状〔certiorari bill〕,预防性诉状〔bill quia timet〕,防止滥诉诉状〔bill of peace〕。但这些诉状在实践中很少运用。非请求救济的起诉状有两类:1证言保全诉状〔bill to perpetuate testimony〕;2请求披露诉状〔bill of discovery〕。初始诉状性质的诉状和非初始诉状在1873-1875年以前在实践中即早已不用,它们包括:补充诉状〔supplemental bill〕、恢复诉讼诉状〔bill of revivor〕、复审诉状〔bill of review〕。旧时英国衡平法院中进行的普通诉讼被称作根据英文的起诉状提起的诉讼〔suit by English bill〕,以此区别在该法院的普通法分庭〔common law side〕中进行的诉讼,后者使用的是诺曼法语或拉丁文。

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plagiarism

plagiarism. The deliberate and knowing presentation of another person’s original ideas or creative expressions as one’s own. • Generally, plagiarism is immoral but not illegal. If the expression’s creator gives unrestricted permission for its use and the user claims the expression as original, the user commits plagiarism but does not violate copyright laws. If the

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robert’s rules

Robert’s Rules. 1. A parliamentary manual titled Robert’s Rules of Order, originally written in 1875–1876 by Henry M. Robert (1837–1923). • The manual went through three editions under its original title and three more (beginning in 1915) under the title Robert’s Rules of Order Revised. Since 1970 it has been titled Robert’s Rules of Order

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glossators

glossators (glah-say-t[schwa]rz). (usu. cap.) A group of Italian jurisconsults who, from the 11th to the 13th centuries, were primarily responsible for the revival of the study of Roman law. • They originally worked by glossing (that is, explaining in the margin) difficult or unclear passages, and gradually their writings blossomed into full-blown commentaries and discussions.

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duplicate

duplicate (d[y]oo-pli-kit), n. 1. A reproduction of an original document having the same particulars and effect as the original. See Fed. R. Evid. 101(4). 2. A new original, made to replace an instrument that is lost or destroyed. — Also termed (in sense 2) duplicate original. [Cases: Criminal Law 399; Evidence 173. C.J.S. Evidence §§

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