transformative use. Copyright. The use of copyrighted material in a manner, or for a purpose, that differs from the original use in such a way that the expression, meaning, or message is essentially new. • The term was coined by Judge Pierre N. Leval in a 1990 law-review article entitled Toward a Fair Use Standard, […]
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administrative proceeding 行政听证程序 指由行政机关所举行的听证、讯问〔inquiry〕、调查或听审程序，通常适用于裁决性决定，但有时也适用于准立法性决定。它也称为evidentiary hearing; full hearing; trial-type hearing; agency adjudication。
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plot plan. A plan that shows a proposed or present use of a plot of land, esp. of a residential area. [Cases: Zoning and Planning 245. C.J.S. Zoning and Land Planning § 101.]
occupancy. 1. The act, state, or condition of holding, possessing, or residing in or on something; actual possession, residence, or tenancy, esp. of a dwelling or land. • In this sense, the term denotes whatever acts are done on the land to manifest a claim of exclusive control and to indicate to the public that
single-larceny doctrine. Criminal law. The principle that the taking of different items of property belonging to either the same or different owners at the same time and place constitutes one act of larceny if the theft is part of one larcenous plan, as when it involves essentially one continuous act or if control over the
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Uniform Limited Partnership Act. A model law promulgated in 1916 for adoption by state legislatures to govern the relationship between the partners of a limited partnership. • At one time it was adopted in all states except Louisiana. The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws promulgated the Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act (RULPA)
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preference. 1. The act of favoring one person or thing over another; the person or thing so favored. 2. Priority of payment given to one or more creditors by a debtor; a creditor’s right to receive such priority. 3. Bankruptcy. PREFERENTIAL TRANSFER. insider preference. A transfer of property by a bankruptcy debtor to an insider
shop, n. A business establishment or place of employment; a factory, office, or other place of business. agency shop. A shop in which a union acts as an agent for the employees, regardless of their union membership. • Nonunion members must pay union dues because it is presumed that any collective bargaining will benefit nonunion
ex capite minorennitatis et laesionis (eks kap-i-tee min-or-en-i-tay-tis et lee-z[h]ee-oh-nis). [Law Latin] Scots law. On the ground of minority and lesion. • The phrase appeared in reference to a ground upon which a minor could be restored against deeds granted by him during his minority. The phrase also referred to a basis upon which a
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maritime loan 海事借贷 海事借贷合同或协议的双方约定，如果用于借贷担保的物品因任何海上危险或不可抗力而灭失，则贷方不能收回本金，除非在危险发生后所剩物品的价值与所借金额相当。但如果物品安全抵达，或只是因其自身的缺陷或船主和船员的过失而受损，借方有义务返还贷方本金，以及为此借贷风险而支付的协议金额。 (→bottomry; respondentia)