learned (l[schwa]r-nid), adj. 1. Having a great deal of learning; erudite. • A lawyer might refer to an adversary as a “learned colleague” or “learned opponent” — a comment that, depending on the situation and tone of voice, may be either a genuine compliment or a sarcastic slight. 2. Well versed in the law and […]
bootleg, vb. Copyright. To make, distribute, or traffic in unauthorized sound recordings or music videos of live, broadcast, or recorded performances that have not been commercially released by the copyright owner. • The term strictly applies only to unauthorized copies of commercially unreleased performances. Dowling v. United States, 473 U.S. 207, 209 n.2, 105 S.Ct.
swarf money. Hist. A payment made in lieu of the service of maintaining a lord’s castle.
Chester 〈英〉切斯特 它在征服者威廉时代即为一个巴拉丁郡〔palatine〕，即该郡是享有王权的封建贵族的领地。1830年之前，它拥有自己的巴拉丁法院，但1830年的《法律期限法》〔Law Terms Act〕将威斯敏斯特法院的管辖权扩展至切斯特和威尔士，并取消了切斯特的季审法院〔Court of Session〕和财税法庭〔Court of Exchequer〕以及威尔士的大季审法院〔Court of Great Session〕，将这些法院的管辖权分别移转给设在伦敦的衡平法院和设在威斯敏斯特的财务法院，并规定在切斯特和威尔士设立巡回法庭，与英国其它地方相一致。而唯有兰开斯特〔Lancaster〕和达勒姆〔Durham〕仍拥有巴拉丁法院。 (→palatine) chester (=caster)
dwelling defense 〈美〉防卫住宅 美国多数司法辖区规定，在自己的住宅中为保护自身、家人和住宅本身不受攻击可采取包括致命方式在内的防卫措施。 (→castle doctrine)
Cui bono?[Latin] For whose advantage?; Who benefits? • The exclamation may be used to ask who benefited from the results of a crime, usu. to cast suspicion without offering evidence of guilt. Despite the literal meaning, the term is more often used to mean “what’s the good of it?” or “what benefits are there?”
procès-verbal (proh-say-vair-bahl). [French “official record of oral proceedings”] Civil & int’l law. A detailed, authenticated written report of a proceeding, esp. of an international conference; PROTOCOL(3). • A procès-verbal may be cast in various forms, according to the style a country prefers.
ganancial (g[schwa]-nan-sh[schwa]l), adj. Of, relating to, or consisting of community property (a spouse’s ganancial rights). See COMMUNITY PROPERTY. [Cases: Husband and Wife 246–276(9).] “The Spanish [more correctly, the Castilian] form of community property, called the ‘ganancial’ system, is found today in nine states of the United States, the Spanish-American republics of Central and South America,