A witness who is biased against the examining party, who is unwilling to testify, or who is identified with an adverse party. • A hostile witness may be asked leading questions on direct examination. Fed. R. Evid. 611(c). — Also termed adverse witness. See adverse party under PARTY(2). [Cases: Witnesses 244. C.J.S. Witnesses § 422.]
break, vb. 1. To violate or disobey (a law) (to break the law). 2. To nullify (a will) by court proceeding (Samson, the disinherited son, successfully broke the will). 3. To escape from (a place of confinement) without permission (break out of prison). 4. To open (a door, gate, etc.) and step through illegally (he
Heralds’ College. A royal corporation responsible in England for granting and recording armorial insignia and genealogies, and for dealing with matters of precedence. • The College was founded by Richard III in 1484, is governed by the Earl Marshal, and consists of three kings of arms, six heralds, and four pursuivants. The heralds’ books, based
Economic loss that proximately results from a defective product and that is beyond direct economic loss. • Examples include lost profits and loss of goodwill or business reputation. [Cases: Damages 36; Products Liability 17.1. C.J.S. Damages § 53; Torts§ 26.]
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lunacy n. (1)(尤指间歇性的)精神错乱 (2)心智丧失 (3)荒谬；愚蠢；疯狂的行为；极端愚蠢的行为(→insanity; mania; mental illness; lunatic; unsound mind)
nolle prosequi (nahl-ee prahs-[schwa]-kwI), n. [Latin “not to wish to prosecute”] 1. A legal notice that a lawsuit or prosecution has been abandoned. [Cases: Pretrial Procedure 511. C.J.S. Dismissal and Nonsuit §§ 30–32, 34–35.] 2. A docket entry showing that the plaintiff or the prosecution has abandoned the action. — Often shortened to nolle. [Cases:
de coronatore exonerando (dee kor-[schwa]-n[schwa]-tor-ee eg-zon-[schwa]-ran-doh), n. [Law Latin “for removing a coroner”] A writ ordering the sheriff to remove a coroner from office for a reason stated in the writ. See CORONER (2). “The coroner is chosen for life: but may be removed, either by being made sheriff, or chosen verderor, which are offices
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distributive deviation. A trustee’s authorized or unauthorized departure from the express distributional terms of a trust. • A trustee must apply to the court for authority to deviate from the terms of a trust. In American law, courts rarely authorize deviation unless all the beneficiaries consent and there is no material purpose of the settlor
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abbr. Year 2000 warranty; a warranty that software, hardware, or a product having computer hardware or software components will function properly on and after January 1, 2000. • These warranties were common in the late 1990s. [Cases: Sales 284(1). C.J.S. Sales §§ 251, 253, 257.]