Search Results for: CONVENTIO

International Civil Aviation Organization/ICAO

International Civil Aviation Organization/ICAO 国际民用航空组织 根据1944年12月7日在芝加哥召开的国际民用航空会议上签订的《国际民用航空公约》即《芝加哥公约》〔Chicago Convention〕,于1947年4月4日成立的一个政府间国际组织,总部设在加拿大蒙特利尔,同年成为联合国的专门机构之一。该组织的宗旨和目的在于发展国际航行的原则和技术,并促进国际航空运输的规划和发展。该组织的主要活动包括促进各国在国际民用航空领域内的合作,研究国际民用航空的有关问题,制定民用航空的国际标准和规章,鼓励使用安全措施、统一的业务规章和简化国际边界手续,协调国际航空运输政策,对发展中国家提供技术援助等。该组织的主要机构是大会、理事会和秘书处。其中大会是最高机关,有权处理该组织一切重大问题,决定该组织的政策;理事会是向大会负责的常设机构,负责执行大会的指示,向大会及缔约国报告执行公约及大会决议的情况,制定国际民用航空的各种国际标准,搜集、出版有关航空发展、国际航班经营的资料等;秘书处是常设执行机构,由秘书长负责。该组织的经费主要来源是成员国缴纳的会费和杂费收入。

International Civil Aviation Organization/ICAO Read More »

residence

residence. 1. The act or fact of living in a given place for some time (a year’s residence in New Jersey). 2. The place where one actually lives, as distinguished from a domicile (she made her residence in Oregon). • Residence usu. just means bodily presence as an inhabitant in a given place; domicile usu.

residence Read More »

montreal agreement

Montreal Agreement. A private agreement, signed by most international airlines, waiving both the Warsaw Convention’s limitation on liability for death and personal-injury cases (currently about $20,000) and the airline’s due-care defenses, raising the liability limit per passenger to $75,000, and providing for absolute liability on the part of the carrier (in the absence of passenger

montreal agreement Read More »

innocent passage

innocent passage. Int’l law. The right of a foreign ship to pass through a country’s territorial waters; the right of a foreign vessel to travel through a country’s maritime belt without paying a toll. • The right of innocent passage is guaranteed in Article 17 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the

innocent passage Read More »

berne minus

Berne-minus, adj. Copyright. Of or relating to the second sentence of Art. 9(1) of the TRIPs Agreement, which provides that intellectual-property rights and duties under the Berne Convention will not be expressly enforced on noncomplying signators through the TRIPs Agreement. U.S. reluctance to expressly protect moral rights of authors and artists has been criticized as

berne minus Read More »

fundamental right

fundamental right 基本权利 一般指个人所拥有的、不容侵犯或剥夺的重要权利。洛克个人主义兴起后,基本权利问题日益突出,引人关注。基本权利遂被称为天赋人权〔natural rights〕,又常被称为人权〔human rights〕。因而近代资本主义国家的宪法一般都把基本权利载入宪法,使之能得到最大程度的保护和保障。各个国家的基本权利类型会有所不同,但通常包括以下内容:生存权,人身自由,言论自由,信仰自由,言论和出版自由,结社自由,参与政治活动权,隐私权,个人自主,受法律平等保护等。1948年的《世界人权宣言》〔Universal Declaration of Human Rights〕对人权提出了一个总体范围,以供各国参照和采纳,其中不少已被一些国家宪法所确认。随着社会的发展,总会产生一些新的基本权利,所以基本权利的范围并不固定不变,而是不断发展和变化的。为了确保基本权利不被侵犯,不少国家规定法院有权对影响基本权利的行为进行严格审查,而对那些已得到牢固确立的权利,则授权法院可以撤销以此方式得到保护的权利的任何立法和政府活动。不过在英国宪法里,却没有防止更改人权的保障条款,因此,虽然联合王国〔United Kingdom〕除尚受到一些与人权有关的国际公约范围有限的约束外,与国家有关的个人权利不曾确定,出现了要求将《欧洲人权公约》〔European Convention on Human Rights〕纳入国内法的呼声。但在1998年英国通过了自己的《人权法案》〔Human Rights Act〕后,这一切将会有所改观。

fundamental right Read More »

consensus ad idem

consensus ad idem (k[schwa]n-sen-s[schwa]s ad I-dem). [Latin] An agreement of parties to the same thing; a meeting of minds. — Also termed consensus in idem; consensus in idem, placitum et conventio. “Agreement between the parties or consensus in idem is the basis of contractual obligation ….” 2 David M. Walker, Principles of Scottish Private Law

consensus ad idem Read More »

Scroll to Top