The common-law legal and procedural device associated with a particular writ, each of which had specific forms of process, pleading, trial, and judgment. • The 11 common-law forms of action were trespass, trespass on the case, trover, ejectment, detinue, replevin, debt, covenant, account, special assumpsit, and general assumpsit. [Cases: Action 29; Federal Civil Procedure 71. […]
coram nobis 〈拉〉本法院纠错令状 该词的本义是「在我们自己面前」。在英格兰古法中，指在王座法庭纠正已判决案件存在事实上的错误的令状，与要求王座法庭以外的其他法庭(尤其指民诉法庭〔Court of Common Pleas〕)纠正错误的令状〔coram vobis〕相对。后也指要求纠正本法院所作判决存在的事实上的错误的令状。所指事实上的错误通常指在诉讼中未提出某事实，但被告对此并不存在疏忽，而是由于存在欺诈、胁迫或其他可免责的错误，如果在诉讼中该事实得到确认，法庭就不会作出此判决。也称作「writ of error coram nobis」或「writ of coram nobis」。美国《联邦民事诉讼规则》〔Federal Rules of Civil Procedure〕已废除了此种令状。
non tenent insimul (non ten-[schwa]nt in-sim-[schwa]l), n. [Latin “they do not hold together”] Hist. In a partition action, the defendant’s plea denying a joint tenancy with the plaintiff in the estate at issue.
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riens per descent (ryan pair day-sawn). [Law French “nothing by descent”] Hist. The plea of an heir who is sued for the ancestor’s debt and who received no land or assets from the ancestor.
Hist. Under certain acts of Parliament, the pleading form for a defendant’s general denial in a civil action. • This pleading form allowed a public officer to indicate action under a statute. The officer had to write the words “by statute” in the margin along with the year, chapter, and section of the applicable statute,
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complete-preemption doctrine. The rule that a federal statute’s preemptive force may be so extraordinary and all-encompassing that it converts an ordinary state-common-law complaint into one stating a federal claim for purposes of the well-pleaded-complaint rule. See well-pleaded complaint under COMPLAINT. [Cases: Federal Courts 241.]
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quia improvide 〈拉〉〈英〉 (1)诉讼中止令 在衡平法院的书记官被他人违反该法院享有的特权而在民诉法庭〔Common Pleas〕起诉时，签发的中止诉讼程序的令状。 (2)中止执行令 对错误签发的或因不谨慎签发的令状而发出的中止执行的令状。
租借（设备），雇用（雇员） 英语：hire, to (equipment, employees) 法语：louer/engager 德语：mieten, vermieten/als Lohnarbeiter einstellen, anheuern 意大利语：affittare, noleggiare/impiegare, ingaggiare 西班牙语：arrendar/emplear
decessus (di-ses-[schwa]s), n. [fr. Latin decedere “to depart”] 1. Roman law. A death. 2. A departure. • This term has been used in both the civil and common law, esp. in reference to the desertion of a ground in a previous pleading in favor of another. See DEPARTURE.
information and belief, on. (Of an allegation or assertion) based on secondhand information that the declarant believes to be true. • For the historical precursor to this phrase, see INSINUATIO. [Cases: Pleading 68. C.J.S. Pleading §§ 139–140.]
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